Patent No. 5219322 Psychotherapy apparatus and method for treating undesirable emotional arousal of a patient
Patent No. 5219322
Psychotherapy apparatus and method for treating undesirable emotional arousal of a patient (Weathers, Jun 15, 1993)
Abstract
A psychotherapy apparatus and method provides treating of an undesirable emotional arousal of a patient through coordinated and controlled presentation of visual and auditory stimuli to the patient. The operative steps of the psychotherapy apparatus and method include presenting visual stimuli observable by a stationarily-positioned patient at right and left extremes of the patient's range of lateral eye movement, alternately switching the visual stimuli laterally between the right and left extremes of the patient's range of lateral eye movement, presenting auditory stimuli to the patient's ears, alternately switching the auditory stimuli between the patient's ears synchronously with alternately switching of the visual stimuli between the right and left extremes of the patient's range of lateral eye movement, monitoring physiological responses of the patient to the visual and auditory stimuli, and, in response to such monitoring, controlling the presenting and switching of the visual and auditory stimuli so as to elict a mental imagery of a negative experience of the patient and to eliminate the undesirable emotional arousal evoked by the negative experience and to substitute a positive experience reinforcing a desired new behavior.
Notes:
BACKGROUND
OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to psychotherapy techniques for treating
emotional problems and, more particularly, to a psychotherapy apparatus and
method for treating undesirable emotional arousal of a patient.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Many members of society currently demonstrating various undesirable (both pathological
and non-pathological) behaviors are burdened with various emotional problems
and emotionally-aggravated physical problems. Some examples of these problems
are anxiety disorders, asthma, panic attacks, depression, anger, impotence,
fears and phobias, grief, headaches, marriage problems, post Electro-Convulsive
Therapy confusion, anxiety and memory loss, and post traumatic stress disorder
(Vietnam and police service and child abuse and incest). The current undesirable
behavior of a person provides connection of a current experience with a historical
or more recent negative experience.
Heretofore, the primary mode of conducting psychotherapy for treatment of these
problems has been by the use of one therapist with one patient or one or more
therapists with a small group of patients. This mode of psychotherapy has been
carried out mainly through verbal communication between therapists and patients.
A significant drawback of relying primarily on verbal communication to conduct
psychotherapy is that a large number of treatment sessions are needed to adequately
deal with these problems. An unfortunate consequence of this is that the greater
the overall quantity of time consumed in treatment the greater the cost and
the fewer the number of persons that can be treated by a given population of
therapists with proper qualification and clinical training. Another significant
drawback is that some adults and many children are not verbal enough to successfully
profit from verbal therapies.
Consequently, a need exists for a different approach to psychotherapy for treatment
of emotional problems and emotionally-aggravated physical problems which approach
will overcome the above-described drawbacks without introducing new ones in
their place.
SUMMARY
OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a psychotherapy apparatus and method being designed
to satisfy the aforementioned needs. The psychotherapy apparatus and method
of the present invention employ a sequence of operative steps which preferably
are conducted in an automated manner so as to thereby reduce the number of treatment
sessions and increase the number of patients that can be handled by a given
therapist. The apparatus and method are designed for treating an undesirable
emotional arousal of a patient through coordinated presentation of visual and
auditory stimuli to the patient and through control of the visual and auditory
stimuli. Preferably, although not necessarily, the visual and auditory stimuli
is controlled in response to monitoring and measuring the physiological responses
of the patient to the visual and auditory stimuli.
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a psychotherapy apparatus
for treating an undesirable emotional arousal of a patient. The psychotherapy
apparatus basically comprises: means for presenting visual stimuli so as to
be observable by a stationarily-positioned patient substantially at predetermined
opposite extremes of the patient's range of eye movement; means for presenting
auditory stimuli to the ears of the patient; and control means connected to
the visual stimuli presenting means and to the auditory stimuli presenting means
for operating the visual stimuli presenting means to alternately switch the
visual stimuli between the predetermined extremes of the patient's range of
eye movement and for operating the auditory stimuli presenting means to alternately
switch the auditory stimuli between the patient's ears. The control means is
capable of operating the visual stimuli presenting means and the auditory stimuli
presenting means to cause alternate switching of the visual stimuli and auditory
stimuli in a predetermined coordinated synchronous relationship with respect
to one another so as to elict in the patient a mental imagery of a given past
negative experience of the patient and to eliminate the undesirable emotional
arousal evoked in the patient by the given negative experience and to substitute
a positive experience reinforcing a desired new behavior.
More particularly, the predetermined extremes are right and left lateral extremes
of the patient's lateral eye movement. The visual stimuli presenting means includes
a bank of lights located at each of the right and left lateral extremes of the
patient's eye movement. The control means is operable to alternately blink the
lights individually back and forth between the predetermined extremes of the
patient's eye movement.
The auditory stimuli presenting means includes means for generating a sound
and a pair of stereo headphones capable of being worn over the ears of the patient.
The headphones are operable for receiving the sound and transmitting the sound
to the patient's ears. The control means is connected between the headphones
and the sound generating means and is operable to alternately switch the sound
being transmitted through the headphones back and forth between the patient's
ears.
The psychotherapy apparatus also comprises means disposed between the predetermined
extemes of the patient's range of eye movement for displaying visual information
toward the stationarily-positioned patient. The displaying means includes a
video display monitor disposed between the predetermined extremes of the patient's
range of eye movement. The control means is connected to the displaying means
and is operable to cause the displaying means to display the visual information
in a predetermined pattern.
Further, the control means includes means for monitoring and measuring at least
one predetermined physiological response of the patient to the visual and auditory
stimuli and producing an output representative of the response. The control
means also includes means connected to the monitoring and measuring means for
receiving the output thereof and for controlling, in response to the output,
the visual stimuli presenting means and the auditory stimuli presenting means.
Also, the present invention is directed to a psychotherapy method for treating
an undesirable emotional arousal of a patient. The psychotherapy method basically
comprises the steps of: presenting visual stimuli so as to be observable by
a stationarily-positioned patient substantially at predetermined opposite extremes
of the patient's range of eye movement; presenting auditory stimuli to the ears
of the patient; alternately switching the visual stimuli between the predetermined
extremes of the patient's range of eye movement; and alternately switching the
auditory stimuli between the patient's ears so as to elict in the patient a
mental imagery of a given negative experience of the patient and to eliminate
the undesirable emotional arousal evoked in the patient by the given negative
experience and to substitute a positive experience reinforcing a desired new
behavior.
The psychotherapy method further comprises the steps of: monitoring and measuring
a predetermined physiological response of the patient to the visual and auditory
stimuli; and controlling, in response to the monitoring and measuring of the
patient's physiological responses, the presenting and alternating of the visual
and auditory stimuli.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the following detailed
description when taken in conjunction with the drawings wherein there is shown
and described illustrative embodiments of the invention.
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It
should be mentioned that the therapeutic altered state of consciousness produced
in the patient is similar to a state known as Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep,
although unlike in REM sleep the patient is fully awake. However, the physiology
of the patient approximates that of sleep and the patient has clear dream-like
imagery that can be directed by the patient to issues of concern. The patient
is asked to remember a specific undesirable, usually traumatic, event while
watching the lights, for example, for 100 to 1000 cycles. The patient relives
the event in the dream-like state. The effect of the treatment is that the memory
of the event will remain but the affect is striped away so that recalling the
event will no longer cause undesirable emotional arousal. When by either the
physiological measurements or clinical observation of the physiology of the
patient, the patient is no longer autonomically aroused, the therapy session
directed to that particular traumatic event is concluded.
Furthermore, clinical evaluation of the psychotherapy method indicates that
presenting the patient P with subliminal visual and auditory stimuli may accelerate
this method of therapy. The state of consciousness produced by the psychotherapy
apparatus and method of the present invention makes the patient more open to
the effects of subliminal stimulation. The verbal subliminal portion of the
auditory stimulation is embedded in the music that the patient listens to through
the headphones 28. The visual information flashed on the screen of the video
display monitor 32 spanning between the banks of lights 20 that the patient
is watching is the subliminal portion of the visual stimulation. The computer
46 triggers the monitor 32 at the moment the light moves from one side of the
patient P to other side. That is judged to be the time when the patient's eyes
are tranversing the screen of the monitor 32 to receive the visual subliminal
information flashed on the screen of the monitor 32.
It is thought that the present invention and its advantages will be understood
from the foregoing description and it will be apparent that various changes
may be made thereto without departing from its spirit and scope of the invention
or sacrificing all of its material advantages, the form hereinbefore described
being merely preferred or exemplary embodiment thereof.
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