Project MK-ULTRA

MKULTRA Related Research - people and places

The lists on this web page were compiled from Bluebird: Deliberate Creation of Multiple Personality By Psychiatrists by Dr. Colin Ross.

The following books also provide pertinent information 

Constantine, Alex. Psychic Dictatorship in the USA. Venice, CA: Feral House, 1995.

Constantine, Alex. Virtual Government: CIA Mind Control Operations in America. Venice, CA: Feral House, 1997.

Emery, Carla.  Secret, Don't Tell: The Encyclopedia of Hypnotism.  Acorn Hill Publishing, 1998.

Rutz, Carol.  A Nation Betrayed: The Chilling True Story of Secret Cold War Experiments Performed on Our Children and Other Innocent People. Grass Lake, MI: Fidelity Publishing, 2001.

Thomas, Gordon. Journey Into Madness: The True Story of Secret CIA Mind Control and Medical Abuse. New York: Bantam Books, 1989.

Thomas, Gordon.  Mindfield: The CIA and Its Secret Experiments with Germ Warfare -- America's Great State Secret. Self-published. 2001.

Also see CIA Use of Nazi Research 

Involved Hospitals, Universities and Government Facilities

The following list is of hospitals, universities, and other facilities and organizations that were, in some way, involved in the hosting, funding, and/or enactment of government-sanctioned human experimentation in the past.  This list is not intended to implicate any organizations or individuals connected to them, who neither condoned nor participated in harmful human research.  

	Aero Medical Laboratory, Directorate of Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio
	Air Force 657 1 st Aeromedical Research Laboratory
	Allan Memorial Institute, Canada
	American Psychological Association
	Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts
	Army Chemical Corps
	Canada's Defense Research Board
	Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
	Children's International Summer Villages, Inc., Maine
	Clifton Hospital, York, England
	Columbia University
	Commission on Viral Infections, Armed Forces Epidemiological Board, Office of the Surgeon General
	Cornell University, Cornell Medical Human Ecology Program
	Creedmore State Hospital, Children's Unit, Queen's Village, New York
	Dugway Proving Ground, Utah
	Edgeware Arsenal
	Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood, Maryland
	Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
	Florida State University
	Fort Benning, Georgia
	Fort Sam Houston
	Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC
	George Washington University
	Geschickter Foundation
	Geschickter Fund for Medical Research
	Hanford Nuclear Facility, Richmond, Washington
	Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
	Hollywood Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
	House of the Good Shepherd, New York
	Human Ecology Foundation
	Ionia State Hospital
	Johns Hopkins University
	Leler University of Georgia
	Los Alamos
	Louisiana State Penitentiary
	Marlborough day hospital, Wiltshire, England
	Massachusetts General Hospital
	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
	McGill University, Department of Psychiatry, Canada
	J. P. Morgan and Co., Inc.
	Montana State University
	Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada
	NASA
	New Jersey Neuropsychiatric Institute, Bureau of Neurology and Psychiatry
	New Jersey Neuropsychiatric Institute, Clinical Investigative Unit of the Bureau of Research
	New Jersey Reformatory at Bordentown
	New York State Department of Mental Hygiene
	New York State Psychiatric Institute
	New York University, New York
	New York University School of Medicine Committee on Human  Experimentation
	Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies
	Oak Ridge National Laboratory
	Oak Ridge, Tennessee
	Office of Naval Research
	Ohio State Penitentiary at Columbus
	Penetang Psychiatric Hospital, Oak Ridge Division, Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada
	Powick Hospital, Malvern, Worcestershire, England
	Public Health Service
	Rand Corporation
	Roffey Park, Lincolnshire, England
	Rome State School, Rome, New York
	Scottish Rite Foundation
	Scottish Rite Foundation Schizophrenia Research Foundation
	Scottish Rite Research Committee
	Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology
	Seventh Day Adventist Church
	Stanford Research Institute (SRI)
	Stanford University
	St. John's Orphan Asylum, New York
	Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences (TRIMS), Houston, Texas
	Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
	UCLA Violence Project
	University of Denver, Colorado
	University of Illinois
	University of Indiana
	University of Maryland
	University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry
	University of Oklahoma, Department of Psychiatry
	University of Pennsylvania
	University of Rochester, New York
	University of Texas
	U.S. Air Force
	U.S. Army
	U.S. Army Chemical Research and Development Laboratory,  Edgeware Arsenal
	U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command
	U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases,  Fort Detrick, Fredrick, Maryland
	U.S. Army Special Operations Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
	U.S. Department of Defense
	U.S. Department of Energy
	U.S. Federal Penitentiary, Atlanta, Georgia
	U.S. Navy
	Utica Community Chest, Utica, New York
	Vacaville State Prison
	Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
	Walter Reed Army Medical Center
	Wayne State University College of Medicine, Lafayette Clinic,  Detroit, Michigan
	Willowbrook State School, New York
	Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Shrewsbury,  Massachusetts
	Worcester State Hospital
	Yale University

Connected Individuals

The next list is of individuals who are documented to have either participated in or supported human experimentation, or to have worked closely in the past with those who did.  The descriptions of any positions or affiliations are of those that were held in the past; they may not apply now.  

Several of the listed individuals have openly testified about their past  involvement in human experimentation; many others still refuse to acknowledge their  connections.  Some of the researchers who administered biochemical agents to subjects also administered it to themselves.  Not all human experimentation was harmful to participants. 

This list is not intended to incriminate any innocents who may be named along with perpetrators of civil rights violations.  It is for educational purposes, only.  Some of the named individuals who worked closely with government contractors may not have been directly involved in human experimentation. 

Member of the FMSF's Scientific and Professional Advisory Board

# =  1995
+ =  2002

	Harold Abramson, M.D., MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. William Ross Adey, brain electrode researcher
	Erik Allardt, University of Helsinki, MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. A. Ames, contractor to Office of Naval Research, created the Ames leaf room
	James A. Anderson
	James Angleton, Chief of Counterintelligence Staff, CIA
	William Sinclair Augerson, M.D., Commander of the US Army  Medical Research and Development Command
	Dr. Hassan Azima, psychiatrist at Allan Memorial Institute
	Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Bahlin, Office of the Assistant  Secretary of Defense (Research and Development)
	Dr. Maitland Baldwin, neurosurgeon, MKULTRA contractor,  MKSEARCH contractor
	Dr. Elliott T. Barker, President of the Canadian Society for the  Prevention of Cruelty to Children
	Gregory Bateson, anthropologist, Mead's husband, funded by the OSS/CIA
	Dr. Lauretta Bender, child psychiatrist
	Eva Bene, Ph.D.
	Edward Bennett, University of Houston, MKULTRA contractor
	Sandor Borsiczy, M.D.
	Dr. Neil Burch, CIA contractor and co-author with West, Director of the Research Division of the Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences, co-author with Heath
	Burton, W. D., co-author with Burch, Saltzberg, etc.
	Sister Callista, Utica Community Chest
	Dr. Ewen Cameron, McGill University, Canada, CIA MKULTRA  contractor
	Emily Farrell Carota, wife and co-author of Martin Orne
	John Carrol, Harvard University, MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. James Cattell
	Dr. Cholden
	Dr. Cleghorn, associate of Cameron and Azima
	Dr. Sidney Cohen
	William Boyd Cook, MKULTRA contractor
	Robert Cormack, Children's International Summer Villages Inc., MKULTRA contractor
	Cramer, colleague of Azima
	Melvin DeFleur, University of Indiana, MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. Jose Delgado, neurosurgeon, professor at Yale
	E. W. Demarr
	A. J. Derbyshire, Director of the Utica Community Chest
	George Devereux, Ph.D.
	Dr. Bruce Dill, Director of Medical Research at the US Army Chemical Research and Development Laboratory, Edgeware Arsenal
	#+David F. Dinges, Ph.D., co-author with Orne. Associate Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry; Chief, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology in the Department of Psychiatry, Cardiopulmonary Disorders During Sleep; and Director of the Unit for Experimental Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania as of 2002
	Kenneth R. Dirks, M.D., Brigadier General, MC, Assistant Surgeon General for Research and Development
	Dr. Keith S. Dittman, Research Psychiatrist, UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, UCLA Department of Psychiatry
	Allen Dulles, Director, CIA
	Brigadier General Don D. Elickinger, ARDC, U.S. Air Force
	Dr. Joel Elkes, Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at  Johns Hopkins University
	Dr. George H. Estabrooks, has acknowledged "the building of  Manchurian Candidates," associate of Martin Orne
	W. J. Estelle, Jr., Director of Texas Department of Corrections
	Frank R. Ervin, M.D., psychiatrist, Director of Stanley Coob  Laboratories for Psychiatric Research, Harvard Medical School
	F. J. Evans, co-author with Martin Orne
	Dr. H. J. Eysenck, MKULTRA subcontractor
	Dr. Fenimore, TRIMS
	Forgy
	#+Dr. Fred Frankel, MbChb, DPM., co-author with Martin Orne, Harvard University Medical School as of 2002
	Dr. Daniel X. Freedman
	Dr. Frank Fremont-Smith
	Dr. Peter Freyd, husband of Pamela Freyd (FMSF's Executive  Director)
	Charles Fritz, University of Florida, National Research Council, MKULTRA contractor
	Funk
	Dr. Charles Geschickter, MKULTRA contractor, MKSEARCH contractor
	Dr. John Gittinger, lead psychologist for CIA's MKULTRA
	Dr. Jacques S. Gottlieb, psychiatrist
	Sydney Gottlieb, Chief of Medical Staff, Technical Services Division, CIA
	William J. Grace, M.D.
	Dr. Wilson Greene, Technical Director, Chemical Corps, Chemical and Radiological Laboratories, Army Chemical Center
	Dr. Robert D. Hall, Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology
	Dr. James Hamilton, Vacaville State Prison, CIA MKSEARCH  contractor, MKULTRA contractor, associate of Mead
	Dr. P. L. Harriman, U. S. military psychiatrist, "experiments done to create multiple personality"
	Dr. Robert G. Heath, Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University
	Dr. Donald Hebb, Head of the Department of Psychology at McGill
	Dr. Carl Heller
	William Hermann, Westbrook's control officer, Stanford Research Institute, Rand Corporation
	Lawrence Hinkle, Human Ecology Foundation Director, co-author with Gittinger
	Dr. Hudson Hoagland, Ph.D., Executive Director, Worcester  Foundation for Experimental Biology
	Dr. Paul Hoch, psychiatrist
	Harold Hodge, MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. Abram Hoffer, associate of Osmond
	J. Edgar Hoover, FBI Director
	Aldous Huxley, author, associate of Estabrooks
	Dr. Robert Hyde, MKULTRA contractor, associate of Hoaglund
	Dr. Gilbert Jensen
	Harris Isbell, MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. Franz Kallman (eugenics expert)
	Dr. A. Herbert Kanter
	Dr. George Kelley, MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. Seymour S. Kety, Chairman of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins
	Dr. Ari Kiev
	#John Kihlstrom, Ph.D., co-author of Martin Orne
	Clyde Kluckholm, anthropologist, associate of Mead
	Andrew G. Knapp
	A. B. Kristofferson, Children's International Summer Villages, Inc., MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. Saul Krugman
	Kurt Lang, Queen's College, MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. Robert Lashbrook, physician, CIA
	Kurt Lewin, associate of Mead
	Dr. William T. Lhamon, associate of Burch
	#+Harold Lief, M.D., coauthor with Dr. Heath, psychiatrist for  Dr. Peter Freyd (Pamela's husband), founder of the Center for  the Study of Sex Education in Medicine. Professor emeritus at  the University of Pennsylvania as of 2002
	Dr. Robert Lifton, psychiatrist
	Dr. John Lilly (LSD, dolphins, flotation tanks)
	Dr. Ogden R. Lindsley
	Dr. Morris A. Lipton
	Stanley Lovell, OSS
	Lynch
	Dr. William Malamud, Medical Research Director of the Scottish Rite Foundatio
	Dr. Vernon Mark, co-author with Delgado
	Dr. Amedeo Marrazzi
	Edwin May
	#+Paul McHugh, M.D., Department of Psychiatry. Began teaching at Cornell in 1964, "where he founded the Bourne Behavioral Research Laboratory." Phipps Professor of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University as of 2002.
	Margaret Mead, anthropologist, funded by and did work for the OSS/CIA, colleague of Cameron and Wittkower
	Richard Meisch, M.D., co-author with Marrazzi
	Rhoda Metraux, associate of Mead, co-author with Gittinger  and Wolff
	Marvin Minsky
	Juhani Mirvas, University of Helsinki, MKULTRA contractor
	James Moore, chemistry professor, MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. Thelma Moss, Assistant Professor, UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute
	John Mulholland, magician, CIA MKULTRA contractor
	Robert C. Murphy
	William Malamud, M.D., co-author with Overholser
	H. B. Murphree
	Maria H. Nagy, Ph.D.
	#+Ulric Neisser, Ph.D., N.A.S., associate of Shor. Teacher in the psychology department at Cornell University as of 2002
	#+Richard J. Ofshe, Ph.D., coauthor with Singer, professor  at the University of California, Berkeley as of 2002
	Thomas J. O'Grady
	#+Emily Carota Orne, B.A. (see Emily Carota). Co-director of  the Unit for Experimental Psychiatry and research associate of Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine as of 2002
	#Martin Orne, M.D., Ph.D., Institute for Experimental Psychiatry (founder), Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital, master hypnotist, CIA MKULTRA contractor, deceased
	Charles Osgood, University of Illinois, MKULTRA contractor
	Humphry Osmond
	Dr. Winfred Overholser, Sr., "in the center of" the OSS mind  control network," Chairman of the Scottish Rite Research  Committee
	Dr. Talcott Parsons, associate of Mead, Army Intelligence  and State Department, recruited Nazis for the US Government
	Godfrey D. Pearlson, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Mental Hygiene, Director, Division of Neuroimaging, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
	T. T. Peck, Jr.
	Dr. Wilder Penfield, neurosurgeon at McGill, associate of Baldwin
	#+Michael A. Persinger, Ph.D., Laurentian University (Ontario,  Canada) as of 2002
	William L. Pew, M.D., co-author with Marrazzi
	Dr. Carl Pfieffer, New Jersey Neuropsychiatric Institute, MKULTRA contractor, MKSEARCH contractor
	Captain Clifford P. Phoebus, Chief, Biological Services Division, Office of Naval Research
	#+August Piper, M.D., associate of McHugh. Private practice of psychiatry in Seattle, Washington, writes a semi-monthly column for the FMSF newsletter as of 2002
	Dr. Seymour Pollack
	Dr. Raymond Prince, psychiatrist at McGill, self-identified CIA  MKULTRA contractor
	Hal Puthoff
	Ronald Reagan, former President, befriended by L. J. West,  personally approved West's UCLA Violence Project
	C. H. Van Rhijn
	Dr. Ernst Rodin, neurologist
	Carl Rogers, Ph.D., a Director of the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology, MKULTRA contractor
	Bernard Saltzberg, Ph.D.
	Ronald Sandison
	#+Theodore Sarbin, Ph.D., co-author with West. "Much of Dr.  Sarbin's work has involved hypnosis, for which he has received awards from the International society for Professional Hypnosis, the Society of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, and the American Psychological Assocation." Professor of psychology and criminology at the University of California, Santa Cruz as of 2002
	Dr. William Sargant, British authority on brainwashing
	Dr. Sarwer-Foner, colleague of Azima
	David Saunders, MKULTRA contractor
	Charles Savage
	Dr. Daniel Schachter, Harvard
	Edgar Schein
	Joseph Schoolar, Ph.D., M.D., Director of TRIMS
	Jay Schulman, M.A., MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. John Schwab, founder of the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, Maryland
	Alden Sears, MKULTRA contractor
	Saul Sells, Texas Christian University, MKULTRA contractor
	Muzafer Sherif, University of Oklahoma, MKULTRA contractor
	Ronald E. Shor, Ph.D.
	#+Margaret Thaler Singer, Ph.D., psychiatrist, long-term associate of West and Orne.  Adjunct professor emeritus of psychology at the University of California in Berkeley as of 2002
	Dr. C. Smith
	Dr. Robert Smith, TRIMS
	John R. Smythies, Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, associate of Pfeiffer
	O. M. Solandt, Chairman of Canada's Defense Research Board
	Richard M. Stephenson, Ph.D.
	H. A. M. Struik, MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. William Sweet, neurosurgeon, co-author with Delgado
	Russell Targ
	William N. Thetford, Ph.D., co-author with Gittinger, MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. James Tyhurst, Allan Memorial Institute, Hollywood Hospital in Vancouver
	George Wasson, MKULTRA contractor
	Professor George Wendt
	Dr. Sidney L. Werkman, associate of Wolff
	#Louis Jolyon West, M.D., Professor and Head of University of Oklahoma's Department of Psychiatry, Director of UCLA,  Neuropsychiatric Institute, MKULTRA contractor (deceased)
	Colton Westbrook, CIA, Vacaville State Prison
	George White, OSS/CIA officer, MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. John Clare Whitehorn, Chairman of the Department of  Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University, Director of the Human  Ecology Foundation (CIA)
	Dr. Eric Wittkower, McGill, co-author with Azima
	Dr. Harold Wolff, Professor of Medicine, Cornell University,  MKULTRA contractor
	Dr. Herbert Zimmer
	Leonard M. Zunin, Assistant Chief, Neuropsychiatry, Naval  Hospital, Camp Pendelton, California

Quotes are from the FMSF Scientific and Professional Advisory Board - Profiles web page retrieved in July, 2002.

FMSF Advisory Board Members Employed (as of July, 2002) by Above-listed Universities and Hospitals 

Aaron T. Beck, M.D, D.M.S. - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

David F. Dinges, Ph.D. - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

Fred H. Frankel, MbCHb, DPM - Harvard University Medical School, MA

George K. Ganaway, M.D. - Emory University, Atlanta, GA

Henry Gleitman, Ph.D. - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

Lila Gleitman, Ph.D. - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

Ernest R. Hilgard, Ph.D., N.A.S. - Stanford University, CA

John Hochman, M.D. - UCLA Medical School, Los Angeles, CA

Philip S. Holzman, Ph.D. - Harvard University, MA

Harold I. Lief, M.D. - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

Paul R. McHugh, M.D. - Johns Hopkins University, MD

Ulric Neisser, Ph.D., N.A.S. - Cornell University, NY

Emily Carota Orne - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

Harrison Pope, Jr., M.D. - Harvard Medical School, MA

As of 7/02, a minimum of 29% of the advisory board members are employed by universities and hospitals that, according to CIA records, have been involved in covert human experimentation. Other members of the board have been been employed in the past, and there may be other "involved" facilities that we do not have records of. 

Of the 14 members who worked at these universities and hospitals as of 7/02, 43% were employed by the University of Pennsylvania and 21% were employed by Harvard University.  Pamela Freyd claimed that the University of Pennsylvania and Johns Hopkins were instrumental in the formation of the FMSF. Dr. Paul McHugh's employment at Johns Hopkins is significant, because he may have been instrumental in recruiting that university's initial support in creating the FMSF.